Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

TWIP steelsC-4 have a high manganese content (17-24%) that causes the steel to be fully austenitic at room temperatures. A large amount of deformation is driven by the formation of deformation twins. This deformation mode leads to the naming of this steel class. The twinning causes a high value of the instantaneous hardening rate (n value) as the microstructure becomes finer and finer. The resultant twin boundaries act like grain boundaries and strengthen the steel. TWIP steels combine extremely high strength with extremely high stretchability. The n value increases to a value of 0.4 at an approximate engineering strain of 30% and then remains constant until both uniform and total elongation reach 50%. The tensile strength is higher than 1000 MPa.